امتحانات الفرقه التانيه لمعظم الجامعات

طب اسكندرية
الفسيولوجى
Discuss the somato-sensory areas of the cortex (10 marks
Define the reticular activating system : mention its functions , and discuss the factors (affecting it(10 marks
Compare ventilation , perfusion , and V/Q relationship in the apex and base of the
(lung in the standing position (8 marks
(Describe the mechanism of stimulation of breathing during exercise (8 marks
: Compare between insulin and cortisol as regards
a- control of their secretion
(b- their effect on carbohydrates and protein metabolism (8 marks
(Mention the functions of estrogen (8 marks
(Draw a diagram representing the role of the kidney in acid – base balance (8 marks
(Discuss the role of the middle ear in sound transmission (8 marks
Define the specific dynamic action of food : mention its causes and factors
(affecting it (7 marks



الاناتومى
Head and Neck :
1- Glossopharyneal nerve … deep origins and distribution of its branches .



2 – Blood supply of thyroid gland … arteries and veins .


3 – Name the begging and termination of external carotid artery , name 3 of its branches supplying the scalp .


4 – Enumerate the muscles of soft palate and their nerve supply , name the sensory supply of soft palate .


5 – Enumerate the muscles acting on vocal cords and their nerve supply .



* 25 Marks *



*************



Neuroanatomy :



1 – Name the parts of internal capsule and the fibers passing through .


2 – Describe the pathway of different sensations from the face to cerebral cortex .


3 – Describe the floor of the 4th ventricle … you can use diagram .



* 15 Marks *



*************



Lower limb :



1 – Flexor retinaculum …. attachment and structers deep to it in order .


2 – Femoral nerve … root value , muscular and sensory branches .


3 – Name the arteries sharing in crucuate anastomosis .


4 – Crucuate ligaments of knee joint …. Attachments and functions .



* 20 Marks *



*************



Embryology :



1 – Describe the derivatives of coloca .


2 – Give the origin and three anomalies of the tongue .


3 – Describe the derivatives of paramesonephric duct .


* 15 Marks




الكيمياء الحيوية
I – Discuss :
1 – Cytoplasmic reactions in heam synthesis . 2 marks
2 – Clinical manifestations of deficiency of : 2 marks
1 – Zinc 2- Potassium .
3 – Sources of phosphoenolpyruvate in one step reaction . 2 marks
************
II – Mention the metabolic disorders in the following diseases :

1 – Haemolytic aneamia in children . mention two types . 1 mark
2 – Hereditary fructose intolerance . 0.5 mark
3 – Homocystinuria type 1 . 1 mark
4 – Tyrosinosis . 1.5 mark
5 – Hyperglycinemia . 0.5 mark
************
III – Mention regulatory enzymes of the following metabolic pathways .
Discuss their allosteric regulation .
1 – Glycolysis . 1.5 mark
2 – Cholesterol synthesis . 1 mark
3 – Urea cycle . 1 mark
************
IV – Discuss :
1 – Synthesis and fates of ceramides . 5 marks
2 – Synthesis of GMP from IMP . 2 marks
3 – Role of apolipoproteins as enzyme activators . Discuss the role of these enzymes in lipid transport . 4 marks
4 – Functions and clinical significance of C-peptide of insulin . 2 marks
************
V – Illustrate diagrammatically with enzymes and coenzymes whenever possible :
1 – Synthesis pathways of chemical neurotransmitters from aminoacids . 3.5 marks
2 – Mechanism of action of group IIc of hormones . 3 marks
3 – Inhibitors of respiratory chain proper . 1.5 marks
4 – One way for transfer of extramitochondrial NADH+H to mitochondria . 1.5 mark
************
VI – Give resons :
1 – Hyperuricemia is a manifestation in the following conditions :
a – Von Gierke's disease . 1 mark
b – After chemotherapy . 1 mark
c – Mutated PRPP synthase . 1 mark
2 – Oral uridine can treat orotic aciduria . 1 mark
3 – B12 deficiency leads to folate deficiency . 1.5 marks
************
VII – Enumerate :
1 – Sulphur containing vitamins . Explain their role in lipid metabolism . 4 marks
2 – Components of phases of xenobiotic metabolism . Explain phase II . 4 marks




الهستولوجى
a -Draw a labeled histological diagram of a section in the lip (3marks
(b- what is the space of disse .mention its contents and function (3marks
a - mention the histological changes occurring at the gastro-oesophageal
(junction.(3marks
(b- give an account on pneumocytes type II (3 marks
Draw a labeled histlological diagram of a section of suprarenal cortex.. (Mention the function of each layer. (4 marks
Describe the histological structure of different components of the a
(jaxtaglomerular apparatus. (4 marks
(Give a shor account on the process of spermiogenesis. ( 5 marks
(Draw a histological labeled diagram in a section of fallopian tube. ( 4 marks
(Compare between the two types of swaet glands. ( 4 marks
Describe the histological structure of the components of the organ of corti. (marks 4)
(Tabulate the difference between rods and cones of the retina . ( 4 marks
Draw a labeled diagram of the medulla oblongata at the upper level ( 4 (marks



طب المنصورة
الفسيولوجى
CNS
proprioceptive sensation
stretch reflex
Nystagmus
cerebellar ataxia
ENDOCRINE
mechanism and control of hormonal action
glucocotricoids
overian cycle
KIDNEY



juxtaglomerular app. explain factor affecting renin secretion


diuretics


kidney in acid base balance


DIG


hormones that inhibit HCL secretion


jaundice



META


mechanical efficiency


starvation



SPECIAL


retinal adaptation


olfactory receptors :stimulation & pathway




الاناتومى
lower limb
1
A femoral sheath
B popliteal artery
2
A cruciate ligements
B lateral planter nerve
H&N



3
A submandibular salivary gland
B lingual artery


4
A suboccipital triangle
B movement of the eye ball



5
A vagus nerve
B gaps in lateral wall of pharynx


6
A internal jug vein
B ptygoid muscles



NEURO


7
A inf cerebellar peduncle
B limbic system


8
A cortical areas in frontal lobe
B connection of specific thalamic nuclei




EMBRYO
9
A anomalies of limbs
B descent of testis


10
A tongue
B features of
i ectopia vesica
ii fallot tetraology



الكيمياء الحيوية
BIOCHEMICAL EQUATIONS, ARE TO BE
MENTIONED WHENEVER POSSIBLE
GIVE SHORT NOTES ON THE FOLLOWING




question 1



a)show by equation oly the rule of fructose 2.6 phosphate in regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver


b)Enumerate choronic complication of DM and comment on it's pathogenesis


c)Biosynthesis of amino suger



question 2
a)fate of glumaic semialdehyde
b)inhibitors of citric acid cycle
c)cytochrome P450



question 3
a)synthesis of cystiene from methonine . Mention two function


b)describe two role of pyrodoxal PO4 in amino acid metablism


c)Illustrate by diagrams sources and fates of one carbone units in FH4


question 4
a)citrate is an obligatory intermediate in cytoplasmic fatty acid
synrhesis. COMMENT


b)acetoacetate is formed in the liver but not oxidized in it show by
equation only the two process


c)cholestrol transport


d)functions of HDL


question 5
a)Enumerate five of trace elements and discuss two of them


b)role of Ca in the mechnism of hormonal action


c)metabolic disorders of purine metabolism



question 6
mention the biochemical lesion of the following
a)Wilson's dse
b)hemosiderosis
c)primary hyperoxaluria
d)pheochromocytoma
e)Alkaptonuria
f)favism
g)homocystinuria
hereditary fructose intolerance)





الهستولوجى
PART 1: ANSWER THE FOLLOEING QUESTIONS
1) REGARDING ENDOCRINE GLANS:
A)thyroid follicle
B)pars nervosa
2)WRITE AN ACCOUNT ON :
A) component of juxta glomerular apparatus
B) histological diff () P.C.T and D.C.T
3)REGARDING THE FEMAL GENITAL SYSTEM :
A) describe histological structure endometrium
B) diff layers of mature graafian follicle




4) WRITE A SHORT ACCOUNT ON :
A) layer of epidermis of thick skin
B) Blood testis barrier



5)DESCRIBE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF:
A) classic hepatic lobule
B) acini of pancreas



6) DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING :
A) epithelial lining of mucosa of small intestine
B) layers of cornea



7) WRITE SHORT ACCOUNT ON:
A)Origin , course,termination and function of corticospinal tract
B) Nuclei of origin of vagus nerve


كل جزء A 5درجات
كل جزء B4 درجات
PART 2 : DRAW A LABELLED DIAGRAM OF :
A)suprarenal gland 7 marks
B) closed medulla at motor decussation 5 marks




طب الزقازيق
الفسيولوجى
Give account on
A\ Types of proprioceptive sensation and illustrate it's pathway
B\ Types and functions of extrapyramidal tractssite
C\ functions and lesion of two of the cortical association areas
( 35 marks )
A\ control of secretion , functions and dysfunctions of ADH
B\ mechanism of action , control of secretion and functions of ALDOSTERONE
C\ abnormalities of testicula functions
( 35 marks )
A\ causes of corneal transperncy
B\ middle ear functions
(15 marks )
A\ structure and functions of JGA
B\ control of ECF osmolality
(15 marks )
A\ regulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion
B\ definations causes and manifestation of Hepatic jaundice
(15 marks )
A\ definition and factors affecting BMR
B\ mechanism of Fever
(15 marks




الهستولوجى
Illustrate your answer with diagrams whenever possible
1 Give account on layers of epidermis


2 Give account on cells covering intestinal villi and Cr ypts


3 Give account on Hepatocytes (( structure and function


4 Give account on Interalveolar septum and blood air barrier


5 Give account on pars nervos


6 Give account on Juxtaglomerular complex

Give account on sertoli cells structure and function with reference to blood testis-barrier


8 Give account on cyclic chages in endometrium
during mestrual cycle


9 Give account on compartment of eye and fluid
filling it


10 Give account on MLB
5 marks each


+25 درجة mcq




الاناتومى
1 parotid gland (( parts , relations , nerve and blood supply ))

2 maxillary nerve (( root , relations , branches and nerve supply ))

3 hyoglossus muscle (( orgin , insertion , action and nerve supply ))

4 nuclei in medulla oblongata

5 third ventricle

6 femoral triangle

7 popliteus muscle (( origin , insertion , nerve supply , action and relations ))

8 Devolopment of right atrium

9 congenital anomolies of uterus

10 congenital anomalies of skull

10 marks each



الكيمياء الحيوية
Qusetion3
a \ How the following pathways are regulated
a) glycogenolysis

b) Heme synthesis

c) Blood calcium
4 marks each
b \ illustrate synthesis of the following
a) melatonin

b) mevalonate drom acetyl CoA
4 marks each
Qustion 4
a \ Depict the functions of the following
a) methionine

b) NADPH2

c) cytochrome P 450
d) adenylate cyclase and secondry messangers
3 marks each
b \ Show how
a) 129 ATP are generated from palmitate oxidation in mitochondria 4 marks


b) respiratory chain is uncoupled and inhibited 2 marks

c) ceramide is formed 2 marks